The Anzick Clovis Burial Site in Montana

The Anzick Clovis Burial Site in Montana The Anzick site is a human entombment which happened roughly 13,000 years prior, some portion of the late Clovis culture, Paleoindian tracker finders who were among the most punctual colonizers of the western half of the globe. The internment in Montana was of a two-year-old kid, covered underneath a whole Clovis period stone toolbox, from harsh centers to completed shot focuses. DNA investigation of a section of the young men bones uncovered that he was firmly identified with Native American individuals of Central and South America, instead of those of the Canadian and Arctic, supporting the different waves hypothesis of colonization. Proof and Background The Anzick site, some of the time called the Wilsall-Arthur site and assigned as Smithsonian 24PA506, is a human entombment site dated to the Clovis time frame, ~10,680 RCYBP. Anzick is situated in a sandstone outcrop on Flathead Creek, around one mile (1.6 kilometers) south of the town of Wilsall in southwestern Montana in the northwestern United States. Covered far below a bone store, the site was likely piece of an old fallen stone sanctuary. Overlying stores contained a bounty of buffalo bones, conceivably speaking to a bison bounce, where creatures were charged off a precipice and afterward butchered. The Anzick entombment was found in 1969 by two development laborers, who gathered human stays from two people and around 90 stone devices, including eight complete fluted Clovis shot focuses, 70 huge bifaces and in any event six complete and halfway atlatl foreshafts produced using well evolved creature bones. The discoverers announced that the entirety of the items were covered in a thick layer of red ocher, a typical entombment practice for Clovis and other Pleistocene tracker finders. DNA Studies In 2014, a DNA investigation of the human stays from Anzick was accounted for in Nature (see Rasmussen et al.). Bone pieces from the Clovis time frame internment were exposed to DNA investigation, and the outcomes found that the Anzick kid was a kid, and he (and along these lines Clovis individuals by and large) is firmly identified with Native American gatherings from Central and South America, yet not to later relocations of Canadian and Arctic gatherings. Archeologists have since a long time ago contended that the Americas were colonized in a few influxes of populaces crossing the Bering Strait from Asia, the latest being that of the Arctic and Canadian gatherings; this examination bolsters that. The exploration (to a degree) negates the Solutrean speculation, a recommendation that Clovis gets from Upper Paleolithic European movements into the Americas. No association with European Upper Paleolithic hereditary qualities was recognized inside the Anzick childs remains, thus the exp loration loans solid help for the Asian starting point of the American colonization. One wonderful part of the 2014 Anzick study is the immediate cooperation and backing of a few neighborhood Native American clans in the examination, an intentional decision made by lead scientist Eske Willerslev, and a stamped distinction in approach and results from the Kennewick Man investigations of about 20 years prior. Highlights at Anzick Unearthings and meetings with the first discoverers in 1999 uncovered that the bifaces and shot focuses had been stacked firmly inside a little pit estimating 3x3 feet (.9x.9 meters)â and covered between around 8 ft (2.4 m) of the bone incline. Underneath the stone devices was the internment of a baby matured 1-2 years old and spoke to by 28 cranial pieces, the left clavicle and three ribs, all recolored with red ochre. The human remains were dated by AMS radiocarbon dating to 10,800 RCYBP, adjusted to 12,894 schedule years back (cal BP). A second arrangement of human remains, comprising of the blanched, halfway noggin of aâ 6-8-year-old kid, were likewise found by the first pioneers: this head among the various articles was not recolored by red ochre. Radiocarbon dates on this skull uncovered that the more established youngster was from the American Archaic, 8600 RCYBP, and researchers trust it was from a nosy entombment disconnected to the Clovis internment. Two complete and a few halfway bone executes produced using the long bones of a unidentified well evolved creature were recouped from Anzick, speaking to somewhere in the range of four and six complete devices. The devices have comparative greatest widths (15.5-20 millimeters, .6-.8 inches) and thicknesses (11.1-14.6 mm, .4-.6 in), and each has a sloped end inside the scope of 9-18 degrees. The two quantifiable lengths are 227 and 280 mm (9.9 and 11 in). The sloped finishes are cross-brought forth and spread with a dark gum, maybe a hafting specialist or paste, a run of the mill ornamental/development strategy for bone instruments utilized as atlatl or lance foreshafts. Lithic Technology The gathering of stone apparatuses recuperated from the Anzick (Wilke et al) by the first discoverers and the resulting unearthings included ~112 (sources shift) stone instruments, including enormous bifacial chip centers, littler bifaces, Clovis point spaces and preforms, and cleaned and angled barrel shaped bone devices. The assortment at Anzick incorporates all decrease phases of Clovis innovation, from enormous centers of arranged stone instruments to completed Clovis focuses, making Anzick special. The gathering speaks to an assorted assortment of high caliber, (most likely un-heat-rewarded) microcrystalline chert used to make the instruments, dominatingly chalcedony (66%), yet lesser measures of greenery agate (32%), phosporia chert and porcellanite. The biggest point in the assortment is 15.3 centimeters (6 inches) in length and a portion of the preforms measure between 20-22 cm (7.8-8.6 in), very long for Clovis focuses, albeit most are all the more normally estimated. Most of stone devices pieces show use wear, scraped spots or edge harm which more likely than not happened during use, recommending this was unquestionably a working toolbox, and not just ancient rarities made for the internment. See Jones for itemized lithic examination. Paleontology Anzick was inadvertently found by development laborers in 1968â and expertly uncovered by Dee C. Taylor (at that point at the University of Montana) in 1968, and in 1971 by Larry Lahren (Montana State) and Robson Bonnichsen (University of Alberta), and by Lahren again in 1999. Sources Beck C, and Jones GT. 2010. Clovis and Western Stemmed: Population Migration and the Meeting of Two Technologies in the Intermountain West. American Antiquity 75(1):81-116.Jones JS. 1996. The Anzick Site: Analysis of a Clovis Burial Assemblage. Corvallis: Oregon State University.Owsley DW, and Hunt DR. 2001. Clovis and Early Archaic Period Crania from the Anzick Site (24PA506), Park County, Montana. Fields Anthropologist 46(176):115-124.Rasmussen M, Anzick SL, Waters MR, Skoglund P, DeGiorgio M, Stafford Jr TW, Rasmussen S, Moltke I, Albrechtsen A, Doyle SM et al. 2014. The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis entombment site in western Montana. Nature 506:225-229.Stafford TWJ. 1994. Quickening agent C-14 dating of human fossil skeletons: Assessing precision and results on New World examples. In: Bonnichsen R, and Steele DG, editors. Strategy and Theory for Investigating the Peopling of the Americas. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University. p 45-55.Wilke PJ, Flenniken JJ, and Ozbun TL. 1991. Clovis Technology at the Anzick Site, Montana. Diary of California and Great Basin Anthropology 13(2):242-272.

Catcher in the Rye Symbols Essay Example

Catcher in the Rye Symbols Paper Pencey Prep: Pencey Prep is a life experience school for young men situated in Agerstown, Pennsylvania that Holden was going to toward the start of the novel. It is the fourth school Holden has joined in and is later the fourth school he is kicked out of due to his poor imprints. Pencey Prep is the place the peruser can get their first look of Holdens desolate character, solid assessment of fakes and the way that he doesn't put forth a concentrated effort as he bombs four out of five classes. At Pencey Prep, the topic of â€Å"alienation as a type of self protection† emerges as it turns out to be evident that Holden can not keep up a cozy relationship with anyone. Holdens estrangement and separation towards others is clarified after he consents to compose an English structure for his flat mate, Stradlater. The sythesis is about a mitt that used to have a place with his more youthful sibling, Allie who kicked the bucket from leukemia when Holden was just thirteen. After the passing Holden never needed to draw near to someone else with the goal that he could never need to feel the torment of loosing somebody he cherished and thought about indeed. We will compose a custom paper test on Catcher in the Rye Symbols explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Catcher in the Rye Symbols explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Catcher in the Rye Symbols explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Ultimately, at Pencey Prep, we are acquainted with another significant character, Jane Gallagher; an old companion of Holden that is going out on the town with his â€Å"secret lazy pig [and] Year Book handsome† (27) flat mate, Stradlater. Before leaving Pencey Prep Holden is too hesitant to even consider going express hello to Jane in the anteroom, in the event that she was not the honest, impeccable young lady he developed to adore previously. Allie and his Glove: Allie Caulfield is Holdens more youthful sibling who kicked the bucket of leukemia while their family was in Maine on July 18, 1946. Holden was just thirteen at the hour of the passing and has glorified Allie from that point onward, depicting him as the most scholarly, excellent and diverting individual you could have ever met. From Allies demise, the peruser can observer direct Holdens â€Å"madman† qualities. The night after the passing Holden went through the night in their carport where he chose to crush all the windows, breaking his hand and procuring him a night in the clinic. Guaranteeing that he did it â€Å"just for the damnation of it,† (39) in spite of the fact that it is anything but difficult to see that he did it in a pit of fierceness over Allies demise. Holden was amazingly close with Allie as he spoke to impeccably the unadulterated, uncorrupted guiltlessness of a kid that Holden ached for himself. To Holden, it is incomprehensible why such a blameless youngster, for example, Allie needed to endure and pass on and that is in all likelihood the foundation of Holdens issues and pessimism towards fakes, growing up and losing guiltlessness. Holdens conduct and social abilities experienced an adverse change following the demise as he was not, at this point fit for keeping up a cozy relationship with anyone in dread of enduring another misfortune. Allie speaks to the virtue that Holden searches for on the planet. Ducks in the Central Park Lagoon: Throughout the novel Holden consistently mulls over where the ducks from the Central Park tidal pond go in the winter. They are a reoccurring thought for Holden and a significant vague image to the novel. Holden at first contemplates the ducks, pondering where they go when the tidal pond freezes over in the winter while conversing with Mr. Spencer in the wake of being kicked out of Pencey. Right now the ducks become a quick image of Holdens uneasiness and vulnerability with respect to his best course of action in the wake of being kicked from Pencey. Much like the ducks who are over and over kicked from their home at the tidal pond, Holden was kicked from Pencey Prep and had no arrangement and no where to go. Not having a reasonable solution to his inquiry, Holden keeps on considering what befalls the ducks in the winter time. Holden later asks taxi driver what he thought happened to the ducks, however the taxi driver dismisses the inquiry and clarifies that the fish have it harder as they freeze in the ice and â€Å"get solidified right in one situation for the entire winter,† (82) and with respect to food, their tendency is to absorb supplements from ocean growth in their pores, in this way nature deals with them throughout the winter. For this situation the ducks are emblematic as they speak to Holden as he is being compelled to move; in any case, Holden would much rather resemble the fish who get the chance to remain where they are and have everything accommodated them like kids. This mirrors the regular topic of the novel and Holdens disposition towards growing up and needing to remain an honest kid. At long last, Holden ponders the ducks for the last time when he is smashed and chooses to go search for the ducks at the tidal pond. Now, Holden is in his most exceedingly terrible state; he is discouraged, on edge and in any event, considering self destruction. Seeing that they are genuinely not at the tidal pond Holden understands that he should move away from his youth and fly into adulthood. Over all Holden needs to know where the ducks go in light of the fact that he needs to realize where to go when difficulties are out of hand and things don't have a place. Phoebe: Phoebe Caulfield is Holdens â€Å"roller-skate skinny† (67), red headed younger sibling. To Holden, Phoebe is increasingly similar to a holy person then a sister; portraying her as the most delightful, other-worldly, savvy, develop and warm young lady you would ever meet. Holden additionally clarifies that she is extremely entertaining and has a decent comical inclination, is an incredible artist, tunes in and consistently recognizes what you are discussing. Regardless of the way that Holden confesses to being â€Å"THE MOST spectacular liar you at any point found in your life,† (16) there is no uncertainty that he is coming clean about Phoebe as she is everything Holden said she would be. Phoebe is one of only a handful hardly any characters to genuinely comprehends Holden for what his identity is and the battles he faces every day. She unequivocally adores Holden and would effectively help Holden, for example, giving him her Christmas cash. At long last Phoebe is actually the sort of individual Holden has been â€Å"people hunting† for. He needed to discover somebody to adore and to cherish him back and was caught off-guard by the certainty of growing up to see that what he was chasing for was directly in front of him the entire time. http://www. sparknotes. com/lit/catcher/characters. html http://www. shmoop. com/catcher-in-the-rye/imagery symbolism. html

Investigating Number of Stomata on a Leaf

Lab Design â€Å"Investigate the impact of a factor on the quantity of stomata of a leaf. † Research Question: How do varying leaf statures influence the number/thickness of stomata of a leaf? Theory Stomata are pores, regularly found under the leaf (lower epidermis), that control the gas trade of transpiration, where water fume leaves the plants, and carbon dioxide enters. I anticipate that the stomatal thickness on high leafs is higher than on low leafs. During photosynthesis the chloroplasts in the leaf cells orchestrate ATP from ADP because of presentation to light, while oxygen is created as a result of the photosynthetic reaction.Carbon dioxide, which enters the plant through dissemination by means of the stomata, is required for this procedure (photosynthesis) to happen. At the point when the chloroplasts in the leafs cell is presented to higher light powers, more ATP is incorporated from ADP, while creation of the result oxygen additionally increments. This expansion i n the pace of photosynthesis calls for more â€Å"fuel†, I. e. Carbon dioxide. So for a higher grouping of carbon dioxide to diffuse into the plant, the plant must grow a more prominent stomatal thickness (higher number of stomata).This will make a bigger surface region for carbon dioxide dissemination, the discharge of water fume (transpiration) and the a lot of oxygen being created. As the higher leafs are presented to higher light powers I anticipate the stomatal thickness to be high. Lower leafs are presented to bring down light forces due to, for instance, concealing by top leafs, and will so have a lower stomatal thickness than high leafs. Factors Controlled: Type of plant-The kind of plant that will be utilized will remain the equivalent, I. e. controlled.The kind of plant that is utilized for this examination is called Quercus Ilex. Measure of leafs (10 ‘high' leafs, 10 ‘low' leafs)- the guarantee reasonable testing the quantity of leaves tried from every factor will be the equivalent. Device utilized Same set up each time. Magnifying lens amplification (400x)- Magnification at which the quantity of stomata will be checked at will be at an amplification of 400x. Free Variable: Leaf Source-The leaf source with respect to the ‘high' and ‘low' leafs is the variable which will be changed to test the distinction in number of stomata of the two variables.Distance between high/low leafs-The separation between the tallness at which ‘low' and at which ‘high' leaves were picked each time must be of at least 20cm to guarantee conceivable outcomes. Lower epidermis of leaf used to tally stomatal thickness Because Quercus Ilex is a dicotyledonous plant, the quantity of stomata on the lower epidermis will be higher than on the upper epidermis. This is on the grounds that dicotyledonous plants hold up their leaves on a level plane, which legitimately lights up the lower epidermis. Along these lines, to forestall water misfort une, less stomata will at that point be situated on the upper epidermis. Subordinate Variable:Stomatal Density of high leafs Stomatal Density of low leafs Apparatus/Material 10 high leafs 10 low leafs Clear nail clean Slides Pincette Microscope Clear Tape Calculator Method Find a leaf source that has a critical range from which you will gather your leafs from all through the whole test. Decide a low zone, of little range starting from the earliest stage, the source from which you will pick 10 ‘low' leafs. Rehash stage 2, then again, actually the region must be at an expanded stature separation of in any event 20cm, to guarantee a reasonable test and assortment of ‘high' leafs from a higher zone than that of the ‘low' leafs.Choose a leaf of which the stomatal thickness is to be inspected yet don't take it out the plant. This is so the plants photosynthetic procedure won't be upset which could prompt change in the leafs normal state and influence your outcomes. Paint a layer of clear nail clean on the lower epidermis of the leaf and hold up until it has dried. Utilize your tweezers to delicately strip off the dried layer of nail clean. Tenderly strip the zone of dried nail clean from the leaf totally. You should see a shady impression of leaf surface on the bit of tape. This is the leaf impression. Spot the leaf impression to a clean slide.Label the slide for recognizable proof if essential. Center the leaf impression under a magnifying instrument amplification of 40x until it is engaged and watch the leaf impression. Discover a zone that is spotless of thumbprints, away from the edge of impression, has no harmed regions or enormous leaf vein impressions in see. At the point when centered, watch the impression under an expanded magnifying instrument amplification of 100x and ensure it is engaged. At the point when centered, watch the impression under an expanded magnifying instrument amplification of 400x, the amplification at which you will ch eck the quantity of stomata, and focus.Count the quantity of stomata you find in the field of view and record the number in a table under the significant variable (‘high' or ‘low' leaf). To guarantee a reasonable test, rehash stages 9-13 two times by picking another spot on a similar leaf to concentrate on. Utilize the higher number of the 2 rehashes to locate the normal later on. Rehash stages 1-14 ten times for the 10 high leafs and 10 low leafs. Crude Data: How varying leaf statures influence the number/thickness of stomata of a leaf One control that was done to the crude information to help make it progressively valuable for translation was the adjusting of ? Normal # of stomata of ?Final?.. and so forth? , in light of the fact that right off the bat a stomata can't be available in the amount of a decimal and besides, so when drawing the diagram all numbers have a similar number of huge figures which will create a neater and progressively exact chart. Prepared Data: How varying leaf statures influence the number/thickness of stomata of a leaf Magnification: 400x Field of View (FOV) distance across: 0. 45 mm Radius (r ): 0. 225 mm Surface Area (SA)/mm? N (? r? ) : 3. 14 x (0. 225)? = 0. 159 mm? |Leaf |# of stomata of ‘High' Leafs per 0. 159 mm? 2 Stomata) | |1 |2 |Final | |1 |39 |35 |39 | |2 |52 |56 | |3 |32 |38 | |4 |50 |40 |50 | |5 |37 |34 |37 | |6 |53 |47 |53 | |7 |45 |42 |45 | |8 |43 |50 | |9 |53 |49 |53 | |10 |42 |39 |42 | |Average # of stomata of ‘Final' per 0. 159 mm?  ± 2 Stomata) | |46 | Graphs Graph including prepared information preliminary 1 and 2 for High and Low leafs: Blue: # of stomata on High leafs per 0. 159 mm? , preliminary 1 Red: # of stomata on High leafs per 0. 159 mm? , preliminary 2 Yellow: # of stomata on Low leafs per 0. 159 mm? , preliminary 1 Green: # of stomata on Low leafs per 0. 159 mm? , preliminary 2 Graph including handled information ‘Final's outcomes for High and Low leafs: High Leafs: Mea n worth line with esteem 46. 3, standard deviation: 6. 993 Low Leafs: Mean worth line with esteem 26. 2, standard deviation: 2. 3 Calculations Difference in mean > 46. †26. 2 = 20. 1 Difference in S. D. > 6. 993 †2. 3 = 4. 693 Because the standard deviations are considerably less than the distinction in the mean number of stomata, all things considered, the distinction in the mean number of stomata between High Leafs and Low Leafs is critical. T-TEST Null speculation: The quantity of stomata on high leafs and low leafs are not unique. The distinctions in the informational indexes are the aftereffect of chance variety just and they are not so much unique. Mean of # of stomata on High Leafs: 46. 3 Mean of # of stomata on Low Leafs: 26. 2 t=8. 63 Degrees of freedom= (10+10)â€2= 18 Critical incentive for t=2. 101 (P= 0. 05) Conclusion

Brett Toys Essay - 275 Words

Brett Toys (Essay Sample) Content: Brett ToysYour nameCourse nameProfessorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s nameDate of submissionIntroductionThe business environment is dynamic due to the ever changing customer demands on product specification. Technological advancement is another factor that makes business vibrant and these calls for innovation to enhance novelty in goods and services offered by a company CITATION Bur13 \l 1033 (Burke, 2013). To curb this situation businesses and firms are adopting strategic management techniques that come up with policies and procedures which align production of goods and services to meet customer expectations. Andrew inherits a family business from his grandfather that has been in operation for many years with minimal changes to conform to the changing customer needs. The business produces high quality metal toy products that last long. However, there is drastic change in consumer toy preference of plastic made toys over the metal ones. According to the current situation of the compan y, it has enough financial savings for investment. The consumer toy preference has changed from long lasting metal toys to short lived plastic toys that allow the producer to be more innovative. This company is made of experienced employees in toys who have worked for a considerate time at the Brett Toy Company. Andrewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s firm has a capability to remain in operation because of its ability in terms assets, finances, and personnel and therefore the business should not close down.Brett Toy Company should take a strategic management approach for it to identify strategies that will help the business attain better performance and a competitive edge against other players in the market CITATION Goo10 \l 1033 (Goodman, 2010). Option two offers Andrew an ideal chance to reinvest in the business and make it relevant to the current demand by toy clients. As technology advances, children who are the main consumers of toy products are now shifting from metal toys to plastic toys and ele ctronic games such as video games and play stations. Electronic games do not appeal to children only, but also adults play them at their free time. This is due to the introduction of computers, mobile phones, and other electronic devices that support computer games. As a result of these new developments, investing in electronic games will give Andrew a wider market as opposed to the metal toys and this translates to higher profits, therefore he should consider taking project 2. Project two proposes that the company invest a considerable  £750,000 with 80-100 employees producing up to 75000 games per annum at 40% profit per unit.According to the analysis of the current market situation, it is discovered that enormous change has taken place over the years. Demand for electronic games is high compared to the traditional toys such as the metal toys made at Brett Company. There is also a large drop of 50% from metal toy production to plastic toys due to cheap production costs whi le using plastic compared to metal. This analogy is supported by the Brettà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s head foreman who states that current consumers are interested in novelty and not toys that last over three generations. The market situation dictates to a large extent the success of a business CITATION Mar11 \l 1033 (Margretta, 2011). The market poses both the threats and opportunities that determine the development of the company. If Andrewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Brett Company is sensitive to the current market situation, it has to take drastic change in operation and its products for the company to remain relevant in the industry.Financially, Brett Company has  £800,000 for investment which is sufficient to undertake the proposed project 2. This will allow the company to diversify its operations due to the ready available capital and avoidance of debt. According to Warner (2013), one of the impediments to business diversification and advancements is the lack of finances and capital and this does n ot affect Andrew and hence giving his company a good chance to adapt to the change in the market situation. Availability of ready capital will enable Brett Company to invest in modern machinery and reengineer the present machines to conform to the current production requirement. Project two has a larger breakeven point of 75000 games per annum as opposed to proposed project 1 of 30000. Despite project 2 having a lower profit approximation per unit than project 1, it will be able to provide maximum income due to the high breakeven point.The structure of employees in the company needs to be improved and updated for the firm to avoid closing down the business. Project 2 proposes that the number of employees to be increased to between 80 and 100. The company already has highly skilled employees and addition of semi-skilled workers will be complimentary to the workforce for better performance. Producing electronic games require both high skilled and semi skilled labor that will coordina te production of electronic games that will meet the market expectations. Electronics games demand is wide because the consumers are not comprised of only children but adults too CITATION Goo10 \l 1033 (Goodman, 2010). Due to the expanded demand created in the market, project 2 offers more number of employees to keep with the pace of how the games will be demanded. Management of any business is an important aspect that determines the success of the firm. Andrewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s management team is not diversified in terms of managerial skills because it is mainly comprised of engineers with fewer skills in sales and accountancy. Brett should diversify the management to be inclusive of managers with technical knowhow and managers with other managerial skills such as accounting, marketing, procurement, and human resource management skills.Brett assets include a factory that is strategically located near Blackburn in Lancashire, United Kingdom. Business location is a key factor that gives the ... Brett Toys Essay - 275 Words Brett Toys (Essay Sample) Content: Brett ToysYour nameCourse nameProfessorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s nameDate of submissionIntroductionThe business environment is dynamic due to the ever changing customer demands on product specification. Technological advancement is another factor that makes business vibrant and these calls for innovation to enhance novelty in goods and services offered by a company CITATION Bur13 \l 1033 (Burke, 2013). To curb this situation businesses and firms are adopting strategic management techniques that come up with policies and procedures which align production of goods and services to meet customer expectations. Andrew inherits a family business from his grandfather that has been in operation for many years with minimal changes to conform to the changing customer needs. The business produces high quality metal toy products that last long. However, there is drastic change in consumer toy preference of plastic made toys over the metal ones. According to the current situation of the compan y, it has enough financial savings for investment. The consumer toy preference has changed from long lasting metal toys to short lived plastic toys that allow the producer to be more innovative. This company is made of experienced employees in toys who have worked for a considerate time at the Brett Toy Company. Andrewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s firm has a capability to remain in operation because of its ability in terms assets, finances, and personnel and therefore the business should not close down.Brett Toy Company should take a strategic management approach for it to identify strategies that will help the business attain better performance and a competitive edge against other players in the market CITATION Goo10 \l 1033 (Goodman, 2010). Option two offers Andrew an ideal chance to reinvest in the business and make it relevant to the current demand by toy clients. As technology advances, children who are the main consumers of toy products are now shifting from metal toys to plastic toys and ele ctronic games such as video games and play stations. Electronic games do not appeal to children only, but also adults play them at their free time. This is due to the introduction of computers, mobile phones, and other electronic devices that support computer games. As a result of these new developments, investing in electronic games will give Andrew a wider market as opposed to the metal toys and this translates to higher profits, therefore he should consider taking project 2. Project two proposes that the company invest a considerable  £750,000 with 80-100 employees producing up to 75000 games per annum at 40% profit per unit.According to the analysis of the current market situation, it is discovered that enormous change has taken place over the years. Demand for electronic games is high compared to the traditional toys such as the metal toys made at Brett Company. There is also a large drop of 50% from metal toy production to plastic toys due to cheap production costs whi le using plastic compared to metal. This analogy is supported by the Brettà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s head foreman who states that current consumers are interested in novelty and not toys that last over three generations. The market situation dictates to a large extent the success of a business CITATION Mar11 \l 1033 (Margretta, 2011). The market poses both the threats and opportunities that determine the development of the company. If Andrewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Brett Company is sensitive to the current market situation, it has to take drastic change in operation and its products for the company to remain relevant in the industry.Financially, Brett Company has  £800,000 for investment which is sufficient to undertake the proposed project 2. This will allow the company to diversify its operations due to the ready available capital and avoidance of debt. According to Warner (2013), one of the impediments to business diversification and advancements is the lack of finances and capital and this does n ot affect Andrew and hence giving his company a good chance to adapt to the change in the market situation. Availability of ready capital will enable Brett Company to invest in modern machinery and reengineer the present machines to conform to the current production requirement. Project two has a larger breakeven point of 75000 games per annum as opposed to proposed project 1 of 30000. Despite project 2 having a lower profit approximation per unit than project 1, it will be able to provide maximum income due to the high breakeven point.The structure of employees in the company needs to be improved and updated for the firm to avoid closing down the business. Project 2 proposes that the number of employees to be increased to between 80 and 100. The company already has highly skilled employees and addition of semi-skilled workers will be complimentary to the workforce for better performance. Producing electronic games require both high skilled and semi skilled labor that will coordina te production of electronic games that will meet the market expectations. Electronics games demand is wide because the consumers are not comprised of only children but adults too CITATION Goo10 \l 1033 (Goodman, 2010). Due to the expanded demand created in the market, project 2 offers more number of employees to keep with the pace of how the games will be demanded. Management of any business is an important aspect that determines the success of the firm. Andrewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s management team is not diversified in terms of managerial skills because it is mainly comprised of engineers with fewer skills in sales and accountancy. Brett should diversify the management to be inclusive of managers with technical knowhow and managers with other managerial skills such as accounting, marketing, procurement, and human resource management skills.Brett assets include a factory that is strategically located near Blackburn in Lancashire, United Kingdom. Business location is a key factor that gives the ...

Online Shopping Vs. Store Shopping - 1489 Words

Online shopping vs in-store shopping Thesis: Online shopping is better than in-store one and will have more customers in the future. Since the internet came out and developed, online shopping has become important parts of many people. With the rapid development of the Internet in the world, more and more people began to start online shopping due to its convenience, time-saving and benefits. For the definition, Online shopping is an act of purchasing items or services on the Internet and has grown in popularity over years. Narrowly speaking, it can be understood as searching online information and having online deals. But broadly speaking, if one section of shopping is finished online, it will be regarded as online shopping. What you need to learn is just to click your mouse and to wait instead of going out by foot or driving. According to a recent survey, people in favor of online shopping are far more than those in favor of in-store shopping. Abramovich shows his survey for behavior of shopping that: â€Å"Seventy-tw o percent of Millennials research and shop their options online before going to a store or the mall.†(Abramovich) The fact that people choose online shopping more than in-store one also shows in the Percentage of GDP 2016. â€Å"Experts estimate the share of the internet economy in the GDP of the United States to reach 5.4 percent. The developed market average is projected to be 5.5 percent.† (â€Å"Share of the internet economy in the gross domestic product in G-20Show MoreRelatedOnline Shopping vs. in Store Shopping3250 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction As they do offline, consumers shop online for both goal-oriented and experiential reasons; in short, they shop to acquire items, and they shop to shop. However, goal-oriented motives are more common among online shoppers than are experiential motives. Importantly, consumers report that shopping online results in a substantially increased sense of freedom and control as compared to offline shopping. Importantly, consumers report that shopping online results in a substantially increased senseRead More Shopping: Online vs. Store Essay748 Words   |  3 Pagesways of shopping most people do not even think about the difference, they do both and not even realize it. In todays society people shop while at work, after work and on the weekends, whenever time permits. Stop and think how can I get more time in the day for family or just myself? The best way to figure that out with all the recourses we have is to go into a store and spend time looking through racks and waiting in endless lines to just purchase something. I compared going into a store verses onlineRead MoreOnline Shopping vs Traditional Shopping Essay792 Words   |  4 PagesOnline Shopping Vs Traditional Shopping October 3, 2010 | Online Shopping Vs Traditional Shopping Online shopping is the process whereby consumers directly buy goods or services from a seller in real-time, without an intermediary service, over the Internet. According to Internet Retailer U.S., retail e-commerce spending increased to an estimated $66.9 billion in the first half of 2010, up 9.3% from $61.2 billion for the same period as year ago. Online shopping has become popular amongRead MoreOnline Shopping vs Brick and Mortar1459 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Shopping VS Brick and Mortar Ann Gove COMM/155 December 10, 2011 Marianne Raley Online shopping VS Brick and Mortar Does the idea of shopping in Italy, France, or Japan at 3:00 am in your pajamas while snuggled up on the couch sound like a good idea? Then internet shopping is the way to go. As of the first twenty five days of the November- December 2011 Holiday season internet sales totaled 12.7 billion dollars, that’s an increase of 15% since last year. Online shopping dominates theRead MoreOnline Shopping versus Traditional Retail Store639 Words   |  3 PagesOnline Shopping vs. Traditional Retail Store One of the most debatable decisions for most Americans during the sale event or holiday is whether to shop or not to shop. Especially, when considering that some of the online shopping websites such as Amazon and eBay are established. To shop online or to shop in the store has become a more practical question. I used to be a traditional shopper, but I changed my mind sometime over years since I found that shopping online is much cheaper and more convenientRead MoreEssay on Online vs Brick and Mortar Shopping1029 Words   |  5 PagesOnline vs. Brick-and-Mortar Shopping The Internet has changed the way we do virtually everything, including the way we shop. However, shopping is not the only thing that has changed. In the last decade we have changed the way, we apply for loans, study, and even plan a vacation. Doing any of these things would have been impossible a few decades ago. At present, online banking, paying bills, ordering new services, and shopping online have become part of our daily lives. Traditional brick-and-mortarRead MoreOnline vs. Offline Marketing Problem: Borders Bankruptcy Case707 Words   |  3 PagesBorders announced that it was filing for bankruptcy, the case became a high profile example of the online versus offline marketing problem. Borders faced intense competition both offline (from Barnes Noble) and online (from Amazon). It had failed to establish an online presence, and its offline business was not strong enough to sustain the company. Indeed, from 2001 to 2008 Borders had outsourced its online sales to Amazon, effectiv ely handing many customers to its competitor (Lowrey, 2011). There wasRead MoreOnline Shopping Vs. Traditional Shopping851 Words   |  4 PagesOnline shopping Online shopping is always beat way to shop .online shopping is easy way to find what you want, because it always in the stock, save you time ,.and you can save your money . Everything is available online now, but some things just do not make sense to purchase on the web. For example, if you’re in the market for new perfume or cologne, it makes a lot more sense to go to the store and smell the different options before purchasing your new scent. When purchasing a product onlineRead MoreConsumer Perceptions Towards E Grocery Market1396 Words   |  6 Pagesfacilitates online transaction between business entities and consumer for various product and services. As market penetration of internet is rising which leads to the growth of e-grocery sector in India. Social media has impacted the growth of online consumers dynamically in Tier I cities. Some e-commerce players came up with the online grocery market concept but not able to sustain which reflects about the dynamic environment toward e-grocery. E-grocery allows consumers to purchase grocery online through

Essay on Discussion over the Existence of God - 1249 Words

The discussion over the existence of God remains one of the finest pursuits of the human mind to break out of the world and surpass the practical or extraordinary realm of experience. Without a doubt, the question of Gods existence is one of the most significant questions of human philosophy. It alters the whole meaning of human life, and it challenges if man is really the Supreme Being in the universe or if man has a greater being that he must love and obey, or possibly defy. So the question is; does God exist? Look at the proof produced by the voraciously religious spirit of man, the origins of the universe, and morality. There are many different theories and opinions on how man came to be, evolution, space, Adam and Eve, God†¦etc.†¦show more content†¦It is harder for me to conceive that God doesn’t exist because there is no other conceivable explanation for how all of the magnificent thinks here on Earth were created; there is no other logical explanation for how things so complex came to exist; as far as I’m concerned. William Paley explains it best; â€Å"But suppose I had found a watch upon the ground, and it should be inquired how the watch happened to be in that place, I should hardly think of the answer which I had before given,--that, for anything I know, the watch might have always been there. Yet why should not this answer serve for the watch as well as for the stone?...For this reason, and for no other, namely, that, when we come to inspect the watch we perceive - what we could not discover in the stone - that its several parts are famed put together for a purpose†¦ This mechanism being observed... the inference, we think, is inevitable, that the watch must have had a maker....who comprehended its construction, and designed its use† (Wolff, 2012, p. 315) Some would argue that evolution is the reason for everything and that we all evolved from a single cell that emerged from Earth. Okay then; why havenâ€℠¢t we continued to evolve? If we started out as apes then why are there still apes here; what determines which apes will be Human? To me this sounds more far-fetched than there being a God. Some have wondered, if God made the universe, who or what made God?† God, asShow MoreRelatedAn Exploratory Middle Ground Position Between Atheism And Theism1142 Words   |  5 Pagescoined the term â€Å"Possibilianism†. An exploratory middle ground position between atheism and theism. In this essay I argue that possibilianism as a new standpoint in the debate on the existence of God is irrelevant, as it holds the same ideological stance as agnosticism. In an article written by Eagleman titled â€Å"Beyond God and atheism: Why I am a possibilian† he says that â€Å"we know too little to commit to strict atheism, and too much to commit to any religion† (Eagleman, 2), this is the driving forceRead MoreAn Ontological Argument For The Existence Of God1430 Words   |  6 Pages(1779), Hume has the character of Demea present an Ontological Argument for the existence of God. 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For example, German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche would view Berkeley’s argument for God as a way for moralists to try to control and stifle the ability ofRead MoreIs it Rational to Believe in God? Essays863 Words   |  4 PagesWhether god exists or not has been in discussion for thousands of years, and an important discussion. Whether it is rational to believe in god or not is another story, like believing in god itself, this topic has brought many discussions. It is one thing to discuss whether god is real or not and it is a complete other to discuss whether it is rational to believe in god or not. I believe that while there may not be any convincing evidence or arguments that Go d does exist, I do still believe that itRead MoreThomas Draper s The Theist 1408 Words   |  6 Pagestheist must come to a point of declaring one of two positions: 1) God is hidden and we must trust that we have guessed right, or 2) God has revealed Himself to us to the extent that we can know Him. The second statement seems to more closely align with Christianity and the idea that it includes an integration of faith and reason. Consider, now, the agnostic position, such as Draper holds. What would it take for Draper to believe in God? As he addresses arguments from apologetics and finds them inconclusiveRead MoreKant s Ethical Theory Of Abortion Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pagesmoral application of Immanuel Kant’s philosophy, one of the greatest minds in the eighteenth centuries, to the enduring morality debate over abortion. Setting the discussion regarding the morality and immorality of abortion within the Kantian ethics framework provides one with a view that transition from the frequently inflammatory pro-choice and anti-abortion discussion points and towards a deep lucid, philosophical argument of such a controversial topic. Kant’s ethical theory regarding the immoralityRead MoreReflection Paper On Philosophy730 Words   |  3 PagesOver these past semester of college, my optimism regarding philosophy and taking a philosophy course has drastically grown. I have always been enthusiastic towards philosophy and willing to take the course; however, it never really occurred to me how influential philosophy actually is. As a result of taking a philosophy class, I have had a plethora of epiphanies and realizations about myself and have had the opportunity to develop my own opinions and philosophical beliefs. In this paper I am goingRead MoreUsing Proofs to Establish a Case for Gods Existence: McCloskey1374 Words   |  6 Pagesestablish a case for Gods existence I would first agree with McCloskey that we should not use â€Å"proofs† for Gods existence since â€Å"proofs† cannot be a 100% proof of Gods existence. But there are two arguments that can help explain the existence of God. T he first is the best explanation approach which is the best explanation for the things we witness. Another classical argument is cumulative case approach, in this approach we use more than one argument to make a case for Gods existence. Both of theseRead MoreThe Existence Of God And The Battle Between Good And Evil1386 Words   |  6 PagesThe existence of God and the battle between good and evil has been a topic of much discussion for centuries. Through the philosophical scope, there is a â€Å"Problem of Evil† that challenges the existence an all-powerful God if there is evil in the world. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, was a German philosopher who argued about the topic of the problem of evil. Leibniz argued that (1) evil is not necessary; (2) that there is evil in the world because as humans we are restricted in our knowledge since we areRead MoreThe Absolute Paradox For Kierkegaard Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesnot have an advantage over later followers? 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Leadership and Governance Study of Patagonia †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Leadership and Governance-A Case Study of Patagonia. Answer: The Importance of Values for Todays Organisations Values are beliefs that a certain way of behaving is preferred. They represent a framework of how things are done in an organization. Organizations, which are successful, place emphasis on values. Values provide assistance to organizations in various ways (Bourne Jenkins, 2013). Values provide a framework for how we treat one another at work- Values provide employees with a direction of how they treat one another at the workplace. The organizations leaders should assist employees in upholding values at the workplace. Values should influence employees to behave ethically. In the workplace, ethical issues usually emanate from quality, safety, property and human relationships. It is the duty of managers to make an understanding of these issues and to instill moral ideals into employees (Cohen, 2015). There are three levels of morality that employees may conform to. Preconventional morality is when one is aware of the cultural implications of right and wrong behavior. In an organization , therefore, an employee will be aware of the effects of following or not following organizational values. Conventional morality is characterized by the compliance of a group of people and their loyalty to authority. In an organization, this is how a team conforms to certain values and has allegiance to their leaders. Post-conventional authority is characterized by an individual being concerned about right or wrong behavior and puts this above their self-interest. This can be applied in organizations when employees consider doing right and wrong as being more key than their self-interest. Values provide a framework for how an organization treats its customers. Customers will be given stellar service if a company has values that focus on customer service. This is key for organizational success. Having good customer service is important as customers spend lots of money per year just to buy products or services. Good customer service can set an organization apart from its competitors and leads to repeat business. Organizations that have good customer values also benefit from free publicity. The values that make up an organization reflect the beliefs of the leaders. When there is no alignment of values of the company and the employees personal values the final result will be poor performance. An organization with good values will be reflected in enlightened leadership. These kinds of leaders see their employees as the greatest organizational asset and have great confidence in their teams. They have power and employees greatly respect them. They also ensure that there is a good flow of communication throughout the organization. In such organizations, the employees understand the high-performance goals that have been set for them by their leaders and are willing to achieve them. They are also very open and discuss their problems with their leaders. The employees are allowed to participate in decision-making hence leading to high motivation, and there is also high loyalty. Through values, leaders are able to build communities in the workplace. This can be done by applying c ooperation in dealing with colleagues. Building a community will ensure that internal communication flows freely, leads to respect among people and roles, responsibilities and decision-making are conducive. An organization with good values embraces diversity. This is very important for a workplace as employees come from diverse backgrounds. International companies must ensure that they understand cultures of where they are operating (Manning Curtis, 2015).To embrace diversity, top leaders must be involved and emphasize on equal employment opportunities. Decisions on promotions and performancemanagement must also reflect diversity. The organization's values should also reflect how diverse an organization is. This will lead to better decision-making and even giving service to diverse customers. An organization with strong values leads to teamwork. Teamwork that is positive allows employees to choose what they do and leaders are good examples to their members. In successful teams, members have roles like encouragers, clarifiers, harmonizers, idea-generators, standard setters, ignition keys and detail specialists. The teamwork approach leads to organizational success, and it is being embraced more and more. Leaders are putting members into groups to work on certain projects like strategic planning, work issues, and technology issues (Jalal, 2017). Leaders should instill teamwork as a virtue and create high performing teams including virtual teams. Alignment of values leads to strong brands. The organizations, which have the strongest brands, have the strongest internal cultures. A brand performs strongly if there is a sense of recognition between its employees and customers. Customers like to identify with organizations with strong brands. Such organizations also have strong logos, which represent reliability, high quality, and trust. Consumers also associate strong brands as being contributors to their ways of living (Jalal, 2017). A strong brand also represents the fact that they can go beyond their core business and dedicate themselves to consumers. How a companys values can play an important role in attracting and retaining top employees Organizations have to ensure that they have strong values so as to attract the right kind of employees. Employees are nowadays compared to customers; companies need to consider them as volunteers and not workers. Technologies have shifted, and it has led to growth in social media. Transparency about workplaces has been increased due to this, and potential employees are able to get information about companies before they even go for an interview or apply for a position. Sites like glass door and linked in provide plenty of information about an organizations culture and values (Breaugh, 2017). Organizations with top company cultures are highlighted, and this enables them to attract and retain more employees. Organizations like Forbes recognize companies with top cultures every year. Work environments have changed over the years and have become quite complex. Employees are putting in more hours in work and are also connected to their jobs through latest technologies. Teams are greatly d iverse and issues like being flexible, empowered, developed, and mobile is playing a huge role in company culture. In the case study of Patagonia, we see that the organization takes time in hiring employees with the right skills. They employee people who have a passion for caring for the environment. This is due to the fact that the company practices sustainability and comes up with environmentally friendly apparel. What motivates employees has also changed as most of them focus on their purpose, mission and work-life balance. Very many factors lead to employee engagement including working environment, organizational leadership, and job design. Many employees are motivated by the passion for their work hence leaders must strive to create conducive and enjoyable working environments. The employees at Patagonia focus on work, family, and health, rather than work and status. The leaders have created a conducive working environment and employees can schedule their work to fit their lifestyle. Organizations, which have high employee engagement, are able to hire more easily, give better customer service, have low turnover rates and grow at a quick rate. Patagonia receives about 900 resumes for every vacancy. The organization has created a good name hence many people want to be employed by them. Employees are highly engaged, and Patagonias turnover rate is only 4% per annum. An organization with a high retention culture has a well-defined direction and purpose. The employees of such organizations have individual goals, which are aligned to the organizational strategy. This leads to the attraction of the right skills by the company and retention of the same. Employees at Patagonia are fully aware of roles and responsibilities. Their goals are aligned to those of the organization, and the organization's leaders have developed an honest approach to doing everything. Organizations that retain employees have flexibility in schedules of work and have numerous benefits for their employees. Employees usually stick to employers that guarantee flexibility and enable work-life balance. Patagonias employees are allowed to schedule their work as fits them best. Communication happens in an open manner when the organization instills good values. Employees want to work in places where they are free to express themselves and the ideas that they have. Communication should be open both upwards and downwards. Good communication also leads to great teamwork and allows constructive criticism to take place. This leads to attraction and retention of the right employees as no one wants to work where they are unable to air out their views. At Patagonia, there is open communication hence creating openness. Employees are therefore able to share ideas freely, and leaders can correct employees without them feeling that they are being harassed. A high retention culture leads to effective performance appraisals. Performance issues in a company can lead to very high turnover rates. Organizations that perform appraisals unfairly or to the dissatisfaction of employees have disgruntled staff and leads to performance going down. An organization that creates effective performance appraisals leads to high employee retention as they get a sense of belonging and this leads to higher productivity (Pinder, 2014). Employees can also be attracted and retained by issuing competitive wages. A high retention culture organization values its employees enough to pay them well and offer adequate benefits and perks. Employees are attracted and retained by such companies, as they feel appreciated. Patagonia has come up with a child development center for its employees hence they feel safe knowing that their children are being taken care of well as they work. Training and development of employees are important for a high retention organization. This enables employees to be constantly updated and develop their skills. Employees feel like they are in control of their jobs. It also ensures that employees are happy as they feel that the organization cares enough about their careers to continuously train and develop them (Mowday, Porter, Steers, 2013). Patagonia organizes 60-day internships for its employees at environmental organizations. Employees who want to become activists after this are free to leave. Employees are highly skilled as the organization takes time on orientation. Deepen the provided case study on Patagonia with extra research on the company and company leadership Patagonia has had great leadership since its inception in 1957 when the founder was selling climbing equipment out of his car. The company deals with climbing equipment and apparel and has been able to make annual revenues of over $400 million (Manning Curtis, 2015). They are leading in environmental efforts and are known for being unique in their processes and getting the best out of their employees. They have for many years been market leaders in their industry and have an unmatched retention rate of employees. Due to great leadership, they have a 4% annual turnover rate. The company greatly focuses on environmental and social matters and has an honest approach towards their customers. The culture of asking customers whether they need to purchase certain apparel has led to loyalty creation for both customers and employees. They hire employees who have a passion for environmental issues, and after one year, they offer them sixty-day internships in environmental companies (Manning Curtis, 2015). The company has created a culture of trust and employees allowed to come up with their schedules of work hence leading to flexibility. Employees at Patagonia are driven by work, health and family and the organization have come up with a child development center where employees can leave their kids while at work. This has enabled employees to have a healthy balance between work and life. The company has an innovative culture as it comes up with environmentally friendly apparel (Manning Curtis, 2015). Due to great and unique leadership, the company has been named one of the best organizations to work for by Fortune. According to themanagement at Patagonia, a leader is a person with vision and motivated employees towards a common goal. The leaders at the company initiate change and take risks. The company has for the longest time focused on sustainable apparel and is now divesting to agriculture. Through great leadership, the company has been able to move into another line of business successfully. At Patagonia, they believe that a leader can come from any level (Petrie, 2016). This means that they believe in their employees and nurture them into leadership. Employees are also expected to speak up and challenge leadership if they feel that there are issues that they need to raise. The company has a flat organizational structure. The leadership describes it as a network of people. The top leaders like the CEO can communicate directly to an employee in an entry-level role. There are no reporting relationships or hierarchies, as they believe that the best ideas come from employees. They believe in having the right person doing the work and that people do not need to report to too many managers as long as they are doing their role. The Patagonia leaders choose the managers and employees with the right skills and then set a vision. The vision is discussed with the team, and the leader lets the manager leads the way in guiding the team to achieve the vision by letting them do their work. Managers are considered as mentors and resources that give the employees coaching and direction and ensure that employee work is aligned to organizational strategies (Petrie, 2016). Managers also ensure that resources are allocated adequately. Managers ensure that employees know their roles and responsibilities and then let them work independently. A culture of independence is cultivated. Hence, employees work with minimum supervision. The leaders at Patagonia come up with the main organizational vision and then guide the team into reaching it by putting particular timeframes. They then leave employees to perform their roles and make smaller decisions required to achieve organizational goals. The company has a culture of flexible job scheduling so long as employees perform. They allow employees to have healthy work-life balance and focus on hiring independent people who love outdoors and care for the environment. The company no longer has annual performance ratings; hence, managers act as coaches and resource allocators rather than judges. No meetings are scheduled over lunch hour so to allow employees to do their [personal activities. Paternity leaves are also in place, and virtual working is allowed. Hiring is a key procedure at Patagonia. The leaders take their time to find the right people for the job and vacancies can remain unfilled for up to one year. Orientation and onboarding are done over a period of one hour so as to ensure new employees integrate into the organization's culture whose motto is 'Let my people go surfing.' Due to its unique culture, the company had experienced double-digit growth even when other industry players were not growing (Petrie, 2016). Employees are highly engaged, and retention rate is high. They have a long list of potential employees who would like to be employed by the organization. Explain what values are important at Patagonia, how they are used to try and attract a certain type of employee, and whether or not this is successful Various values are important at Patagonia. The first one is focused on environmental and social issues. The company's major focus is on sustainability, and they make environmental friendly apparel. They also hire employees who have a passion for the environment and contribute 1% of sales for environmental activities (Manning Curtis, 2015). There is also environmental internship for all new recruits. This has been a successful strategy for the organization as they attract employees who understand them and who align themselves with the organization's environmental values. Another value at Patagonia is honesty. The companys leaders are honest to customers and employees, and this has brought about loyalty (Manning Curtis, 2015). Customer loyalty has led to a successful organization. The company has been able to attract and retain employees who are honest due to the brand that has been created. Patagonia also focuses on flexibility. The company cares about its employees work and life balance hence has been able to allow them to create their working schedules so long as work is completed as required (Manning Curtis, 2015). They have even put up a child development center for their employees. This has enabled the company to attract independent workers who need very minimal supervision. Innovation Culture is a key part of Patagonia. The company constantly comes up with environmentally friendly products, and this is a reflection of its leadership and employees. The organization allows employees to be creative (Manning Curtis, 2015). They have been able to attract the most skilled employees due to this value. References Bourne, H., Jenkins, M. (2013). Organizational values: A dynamic perspective.Organization Studies,34(4), 495-514. Breaugh, J. A. (2017). The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention, 12. Cohen, A. (2015). Culture, Values, and Organizational Fairness. InFairness in the Workplace(pp. 191-215). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Jalal, A. (2017). Impacts of Organizational Culture on Leaderships Decision-Making.Journal of Advances inManagement Sciences Information Systems,3, 1-8. Manning, G., Curtis, K. (2015).The art of leadership. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M. (2013).EmployeeOrganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic Press. Mueller, K., Straatmann, T. (2014). Organizational values. InEncyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research(pp. 4525-4531). Springer Netherlands. Petrie, K. (2016).Patagonia Inc.s Sustainable Supply Chain Initiatives and Their Contribution to Company Brand(Doctoral dissertation). Pinder, C. C. (2014).Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press.